The same occurs with Grey Talon's trap/Pocket's Jacket/Paradox pulse grenade if someone walks in to it and I think any ability that does damage after you mount carpet in general.
Yup, from my testings, any damage (Non-effect, so no Toxic bullets, Afterburn, Mirage's marks and etc) which will be launched before carpet use but will deal damage while on carpet will interrupt carpet.
So there's a list (Not full because it's really unlikely to hit something like this in real match, for example 60m Dynamo's stomp or very far Haze's dagger, listed abilities are at least possible to hit in real match)
Abrams - Siphon Life
Bebop - Sticky Bomb
Grey Talon - Spirit Snare
Holliday - Powder Keg
Infernus - Ult
Ivy - Air Drop
Kelvin - Frost Grenade
Lady Geist - Essence Bomb
Mo and Krill - Burrow
Paradox - Time wall (If someone will go through wall - it will interupt carpet) Pulse Grenade (same as wall)
Pocket - Flying Cloak
Seven - Lightning Ball, Static Charge
Viscous - Splatter, Ult
Vyper - Lethal Venom, Ult
Warden - Alchemical Flask, Binding Word
Wraith - Card, Ult